Automatic wood planing and drilling machine



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

C. E. BICKFORD. AUTOMATIC WOOD PLANING AND DRILLING MACHINE.

Patented July 10, 1888.

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N. PETERS. Pmwuxvwgnpnqr. wmungwmnc (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

C. E. BIGKFORD.

i AUTOMATIC WOOD PLANING AND DRILLING MACHINE.

No. 385,835. Patented July 10, 1888.

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@MM QM N. PETERS. Phnmmhogmphnr. Washington. D. C.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

C. E. BIOKPORD.

AUTOMATIC WUOD PLANING AND DRILLING MACHINE.

ATTORNEY,

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

C. E. BICKFORD.

AUTOMATIC Woon PLANING lAND DRILLING MACHINE.

No. 385,835. Patented July 10, 1888.

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N. PETERs PnonrLilhogl-Aphr. wnshingwn. D C

6 Sheets-Sheet 5..

(No Model.)

C. E. BICKPORD. AUTOMATIC WOOD PLANING AND DRILLING MACHINE. NO.385,835. Patented July 10, 1888.

(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

Y o. E. BIGKFORD. AUTOMATIG WOOD PLANING AND DRILLING MACHINE. No.385,835.

Patented July 10, 1888.

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N. PETERS, Fhomlnhognpher, washmgmn, D. c.

ilNiTEn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

O. ELMER BIOKFORD, OF WINCHENDON, MASSACHUSETTS.

AUTOMATIC WOOD PLANING AND DRILLING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part. of Letters Patent No. 385,835, dated July10, 1888.

Application filed November 8, 1886. Serial No. 218,344.

To all whom, it may concern.:

Be it known that 1, C. ELMER BIoKEoRD, of Vinchendon, in the county ofW'orcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Automatic food Drilling and Turning Machines, ofwhich the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,is a specification.

The objectof my invention is to produce an automatic wood drilling andturning machine that will automatically drill and turn pailhandles,spools, and otherlike articles of wood or similar material.

It consists in the construction and arrangement of mechanisms adapted toautomatically take from the hopper a rectangular block of wood sawed todimension, drill a hole through it lengthwise, then carry it to theturning devices, where it will be roughed' off to its approximatediametrical shape, afterward being reduced to its absolute shape by agaged cutter and delivered from the machine in a iinished, drilled, andturned state.

Figures 1 and 2 represent, respectively, in front elevation and plan, myautomatic wood drilling and turning lathe, and Fig. 3 is a verticalcross-section of same on line 25 25 of Fig. l, looking toward left-handend of lathe. Fig. 4 is a partial section of drill chuck, showing methodof adjusting and holding drill; and Fig. 5 is a vertical crosssection ofsame on line 26 26. Fig. Gis a front elevation of screwdrill stop. Fig.7 isa side elevation of key for screwdrill stop. Fig. S representsdetails of construction ot' spur-chuck, driving-spia dle, and step; andFig. 9 is a vertical crossseetion of step of same on line 27 27. Fig. 10is a rear elevation of spring used in connection with hopper-feedingmechanism, and Fig. 11 is a vertical crosssection of same on line 2S 28.Figs. 12, 13, 14 are detailed views of gougedriving mechanism,respectively in front elevation, side elevation asv viewed from lefthandside of lathe, and side elevation as viewed from right-hand side oflathe. Figs. 15,16,17, and 1S represent, respectively, a wood pailhandlein its four stages of production-namely, first, cut to dimension in theusual manner as it is placed in hopper; sccond, after being drilled;third, after being roughed off; fourth, after being gage-cutter finishedand delivered from the lathe asa pailhandle in a drilled and turnedstate, after (No model.)

which it may be polished in the usual manner. Fig. 19 is a verticallongitudinal section of drill-spindlethrust bearing on line 29 of Fig.2, with end of drill-spindle in side elevation, showing arrangement ofthrust-bearing; and Fig. 20 is a full vertical cross-section of Fig. 19through keyway. Figs. 2l, 22, and 23 represent, respectively,gage-cutterin plane, front, and side elevation. Fig. 24 represents gagecuttercam-wheel in side elevation as viewed from leftlhand side of lathe, andFig. 25 represents gagecutter cam-wheel in front elevation. Fig. 26 is adetail view of the chuck and cam-shafts with parts thereon. Fig. 27 is adetached rear view of the feeding mechanism, the chuck, and thedrill-shafts. Fig. 28 is a detached rear view of cutter-carriage and aportion of the operating mechanism therefor. Fig. 29 is a perspectiveview ofthe feeding mechanism, the chuck shafts, and the drillshafts.Fig. 30 is a bottom plan view of the chuck and part of the camshaft on aline above the driving-pulleys and shaft.

The main driving-shaft 30 is mounted in the frame 31 in bearings 32 and33, and is held in its position lengthwise by means of collars 34 and35, which are secured to the shaft 30, which is driven by means of mainpulley 36, which is fastened to the shaft and is driven by belt. (Notshown.) The shaft 30 has fastened to it the double-crown driving-pullcys37 and 3S.

The left-hand drill-spindle, 39, mounted in bearings 40 and 41, whichare bolted to frame, and having straight pulley 42 secured to spindle,is rotated by means of belt 43, ruiming from the crown 44 ot'double-crown drivingpulley 37 over straight pulley 42.

The right-hand drill-spindle, 45, mounted in bearings 46 and 47, whichare bolted to frame, and having straight pulley 4S secured to spin'-dle, is rotated by means of belt 49, running from crown 50 ofdouble-crown drivingpulley 38 over straight pulley 4S.

The lcl`t-hand spur-chuck spindle, 51, mounted in bearings 52 and 53,which are bolted to frame, and having straight balance-pulley 54 securedto spindle, is rotated by means of belt 55, running from crown 56 ofdouble-crown driving-pulley 37 over straight balance-pnl` ley 54.

r)She right -hand spurchuck spindle, 57, mounted in bearings 53 and 59,which are bolted to frame, and having straight balanee- ICO is rotatedby means of belt 214, running from main driving-shaft 30 overclutch-pulley 66. The clutch-lever 70, (see Fig. 3,) having its fulcrumin bearing 71, which is fastened to frame, is provided at one end withthe handle 72 and at the other end with clutch mechanism of the commonstyle, so that when in use the pulley 66 is driven by belt 214, and by`means of operating the clutch mechanism in the usual manner the shaft63, to which the gear 67 is fastened, will be driven by pulley 66.

To the feed-shaft 73, mounted in bearings 74 and 75, are fastened thedrill-feed camwheels 76 and 77, spur-chuckfeed cam-wheels 78 and 79,feed shaft gear 80, gage-cutterfeed cam-wheel 81, gouge-cutter-feedcamwheel 141, collars 82 and 84, and hopper-feed cam-wheel 83. Thedrill-feed cam-wheels 76 and 77 serve as collars to keep feedshaft 73 initslongitudinal position.

gear 80 is arranged to mesh with and to be driven by gear 67.

rlheV left-hand drill-spindle, 39, is provided with thrust-bearing 85,which is shown in detail by Figs. 19 and 20. The thrust-bearing, inwhich the spindle is free to rotate, is provided with key 86, whichholds the spindle in its position by means of the engagement of the keywith circulargroove 87. Both drill-spindles and both spur-chuck spindlesare provided with thrust-bearings similarin construction' tothrust-bearing described, and any wellknown style of thrust-bearing maybe used, except that they must operate substantially as hereinafterstated, and all said spindlesare reciprocated in a similar manner bymeans of devices hereinafter described.

Thrust-bearing 85 is provided with projection 88, which is provided withrecess 89, into which is fitted one end of the lever 90, which ispivoted by means of fnlcrum-pin 91 and support 92,which is secured toframe, the other end of the lever being provided with pin 93 and wheel94, the arrangement being such, as shown, that the revolving of thecam-wheel 7 6 will cause the necessary reciprocating movement of thedrill-spindle 39.

The reciprocating movement of the righthand drill-spindle, 45, isobtained in asimilar manner, as above stated, by means of thrustbearing95, projection 96, provided with recess 97, lever 98, fulcrum-pin 99,and support 100,pin 101 and wheel 102, and cam-wheel 77.

The forward movement of the left-hand spur- Ihe feed-shaft.

chuck spindle, 51, 'is obtained by means of thrust-bearing 103,projection 104, recess 105, lever 106, fulerum-pin 107 and support 108,pin 109 and wheel 110, and cam-wheel 78, and said spindle is returned byspring 122.

The forward movement of the right-hand spur-chuck spindle, 57, isobtained by means of thrust-bearing 111, projection 112, recess 113,lever 114, fulcrum-pin 115, support 116, pin 117, and wheel 118, andcarn-wheel 79,and said spindle is returned by spring 120. The

forward motion of right-hand spur-chuck spindle is carried by means ofspring 119,fastened to lever 114, as shown in detail `in Fig. 8, forreasons hereinafter given. The lever 114 is also provided with spring120, which is constructed as follows: The spring being pivoted on pin115, one end ot' spring is fastened to support 116, the other endpressing against pin 121 in lever 114 with a force requisite to keepwheel 118 always in contact with and subject to the cam action ofcam-wheel 79. In a similar manner lever 106 is provided with spring 122,which is constructed as follows: The spring being pivoted on pin 107,one end ofthe spring is fastened to support 108, the other end pressingagainst pin 123 in lever 114 with a force requisite to keep Wheel 110always in contact with and subject to the action of cam-wheel 78.

The gouge-cutter-feed mechanism is constructed as follows: The gouge124, of the usual construction, is fastened to round rod 125, whichtravels horizontally in bearings 12,6 and 127, which are secured,respectively, to bearing-supports 41 and 46. The gouge-gage 128, againstwhich the gouge rests, is adjustable by means of slots, through whichscrews 129 and 130 pass and fasten .gage to `frame. The gouge-gage 128has a section, as shown in Fig. 3, and being horizontally located andbeing also adjustable by means of slots through which set-screws 129 and130 pass, as pre vionsl y described, it serves as a gage and backrestfor the gouge,which can beset, as desired, at any angle, as itssupporting-rod 125 is capable of turning in its bearings 126 and 127. Tothe gouge is swivelly fitted the pin and block 131, so made that therotative setting of i the gouge by means of its gage 128 will notinterfere with its reciprocating action. Side lever 132, which isfastened to shaft 133, mounted in bearing 58, fastened to frame, isconnected to block 131 by means of pin 135, connecting-rod 136, and pin137. It will thus be seen that when the gouge is turned in setting, theswivel-block 131, to which rod 136 is pivoted, will turn in its socket,and thus permit the longitudinal movement of the gouge. The lower end ofshaft 133 has fastened to it side lever 138,which is pivoted to forkedcamrod 139 by means of pin 140. The gougecuty ter-feed cam-wheel 141 andforked cam-rod 139 are held laterally in position by means of collars 82and 84. The eam-wheel 141 is provided with the pawls 142 and 143.Pawl142,

pivoted by means of pivot 144, is provided l'OO IIO

'with lip 145, which is arranged to engage pin 146, which is fastened tocollar 82, the pawl being held against collar by means of spring 147,fastened to staple 148. Fawl 143, pivoted by means of pivot 149, isprovided with lip 150, which is also arranged to engage pin 146, thepawl being held against collar by means of spring 151, fastened tostaple 152. The forked cam-rod 139, guided between camwheel 141 andcollar 84 and by feed-shaft 73, has a reciprocating movement in use byrealson of engagement of pin 153, which is operated by cam-wheel 141.The cam-wheel 141 being driven by the engagement of pin 146 of collar 82with lip of pawl, the ovcrhanging end of each pawl is arranged to strikepiece 154, fastened to frame, in such a manner as to throw the pawl outof engagement with pin 146,there by permitting cam-wheel 141 to remainat rest during about one-half of a revolution of feedshaft 73, or untilpin 146 engages with the lip of pawl not in contact with piece 154. Theresult of the gouge-cutter-feed mechanism operating as described will bethe intermittent reciprocating motion of the gouge.

The hopper 155 is provided with two ways, 156 and 157, one at each side,in which are stacked blocks to be operated upon. The feedcarriage 158 isguided and travels in ways 159 by means of the following mechanisms,(sec Fig. 3:) adjustable bolt and nuts 160, pin 161, link 162, pin 163,forked rod 164, pivot-pin 165, fastened to end of bent lever 166, whichis pivoted by pin 250, (shown in Fig. 26,) fastened opposite pin 167 tobearing-support 65, and is provided with pin 168, which is operated bycam-wheel 83, slotted bracket 169, provided with pin 167, which titsfork of rod 164, is adjustable by means of slot 170, and screw 171,which passes through slot and so fastens slotted bracket 169 to piece172, which is fastened to bearing-support 65.

The position of the carriage is regulated by the use of bolt and nuts160, by unscrewing one nut and screwing up the other, as will beobvious. The distance of travel of the earriage is regulated as follows:The arm 164 is pivoted in a slot on pin 167 and is operated by pin 165in the lever-arm 166. Asthe pivotpin 167 is supported by the bracket169, which is adjustable on screw 171, said pin may be adjusted in theslot of the rod 164, and as it is moved in relation to the pin 165 theshort arrn of the rod 164 is shortened or lengthened and the throw ofits long arm regulated at will. Cam-wheel 83 is adjustable by means ofslots 173 and 174, struck on a curve concentric with its center, andscrews 175 and 176, which fasten cani-wheel to feed-shaft gear 80.

The plunger 158 comprises a frame-work provided at the top with theupper face, 177, formed integrally with and operating at the upper partof said plunger, and which in use will move laterally and push thelowermost block from the bottom of the pile in the hopper backward intoposition to be drilled, where it is held by means of spring 178,fastened to the lower end of the hopper and projecting rearwardlytherefrom, as shown in detail by Figs. 10 and 11. The block is meanwhileheld and guided by springs 179 and 180, fastened to hopper, whichprojects rearwardly therefrom, and are arranged to prevent the blockwhile being drilled from being forced back toward the hopper by bearingupon each end thereof. The frame 181, in which the plunger 158 moves, isprovided with a vertical chute, 182, through which the block after beingdrilled falls, being pushed onward after the drilling is cornpleted bythe action of said upper face, 177, when it drops down the chute 182onto ngers 184 and 185, carried by the lower face, 183, of the plunger.rEhe block is next carried forward to position :l'or spur-chucks bymeans of the forward movement of the lower face, 183, of the plunger,which lower face is located opposite the space between thechuck-spindles 51 57, where said block is held in position vertically byfingers 184 and 185, one on each side of and arried by face 183, andlaterally by springs 186 and 187, 'fastened to the frame. lt will beunderstood that the upper face, 177, and lower face, 183, are eachfastened to said plunger and move simultaneously therewith and with eachother. )Vhile the upper face, 177, is forcing one drilled block backwardto the chute 182 of the frame the lower face, 183, is simultaneouslycarrying the block next in advance thereof forward into position for thespllr-ehucks.

Thegage-cutter215,0fthe usual style, (shown in detail by Figs. 2l, 22,and 23,) is fastened in the usual manner and in its correct position togage cutter carriage 188, which is operated in horizontal grooved ways189 and 190, provided, respectively, in bearing-supports and 58. Themovement of the eutter-earriage is stopped by adjustable screwstop 191,which is secu red to carriage on one side by means of piece 192 andscrew 193 and strikes against bearing-support 53, thereby positivelylimiting the movement of the cutter-carriage.

Gage-cutter cam-wheel 8l, fastened to shaft 73 or cast with gear 80,(shown in detail in Figs. 24 and 25,) operates the gage-cutter earriageas follows: The shaft 194, mounted in bearing 195, which is fastened toframe, has to one end adjustably fastened by means of set-screw 196 thelevel-197, which is provided with pin 198, which is operated by itsengagement with cam-wheel 8l. To the other end of the shaft is securedthe lever 199, provided with spring 200, both lever and spring beingrfitted, as shown, in recess 212 in carriage, and the lever operatingagainst a removable plate, 213, secured by a screw to the gage cuttercarriage By means of the mechanisms described the cam-'wheel 81 inoperation gives to the gagecutter carriage 188 a reciprocating motion.

rJhe spring 200 is used to give yielding mo- TOS IZO

tion to gage-cutter, so as to prevent accidents to mechanism andclogging of lathe in case of excessive work being required ofgage-cutter. The use'of spring 119 in thrust-bearing 111 is for asimilarpurpose, viz: to prevent heating of bearings due to excessivethrust of spindle 57, due to uneven lengths of blocks required to beheldby spur-chucks. It is also used to cause the forward motion oftherighthand spur-chuck spindle.

Each drill-spindle is constructed with a socket to receive adjustablepositive stop-drill chuck 201, which is shown in detail by Figs. 4, 5,6, and 7, and is made as follows: Shank 202 is made to fit drill-spindlesocket. The drill-chuck is provided with transverse slot 208, adapted toreceive key 20G. The projecting end 203 is threaded and is provided withthreaded stop 204C, which is provided with slots 205, adapted to receivethe key 206, which is provided with recess 207, adapted to receivedrill. The chuck is provided with central bore, 209, to receive drill,and set-screw 210, to fasten drill 201 in chuck. Drill chuck forright-hand spindle, 45, is preferably provided .with a left-hand drilland rotated in the same direction as drill-chuck for left-hand spindle.

The drill-spindles may be directly provided with the adjustable stopdevices instead of having them applied to drill-chuck.

The detailed operation of the different parts of my machine have beenpreviously fully described.

r[he operation of my wood drilling and turning machine adapted toproduce wood pail-handles in a finished, drilled, and turned state fromrectangular blocks is as follows:

All the mechanisms previously described having been correctly adjusted,timed, and set, the machine having been put in operation, and the hopperhaving been supplied with blocks of a shape as represented by Fig. 15,the rst forward stroke of plunger and upper face will push the bottomblock from the hopper to its position in front of drills, where it isheld in position by means ofthe spring devices while the drills drill ahole through the block, as represented by Fig. 16. Thefeed of the drillsis as follows: Both drills advance until they nearly meet in the centerof the block, thereby leaving a small portion of the block near itscenter not drilled, which portion is removed by ihe right-hand drill,which has a greater travel than the left-hand drill. Motion is impartedto these drills by their respective cams, which latter are shaped andtimed accordingly.

In practice it is very important that drills should have an adjustablepositive stop. Otherwise, as is now the casein lathes in common use, thedrill or drills are liable, after being adjusted, to slip, and manyblocks are spoiled or are defective for the reason that the drills donot drill the hole entirely through the block. After the block has beendrilled aud the drills have been withdrawn from block by the action ofthe cams 76 aud 77, the second forward movement of the plunger and upperface pushes the second block into position to be drilled, and as it ispushed forward it pushes the first block into the chute, down which itfalls to the bottom thereof, where, when .the third block is pushedforward to be drilled, the first block is carried forward by the lowerface, and is heldby the fingers and spring devices until it is taken bythe left and right hand spur-chucks and rapidly rotated. While rotating,the gouge travels from right to left and roughs off the block, asrepresented by Fig. 17. When the gouge reaches its lefthand position, itremains at rest until the gagecutter advances and gives the finishinggagecut to the block, which then becomes a pailhandle in a finished,drilled, and turned state, as represented by Fig. 18. After thegagecutter has performed its work and while it is returning to itsbackward posit-ion, the spurchucks are withdrawn, thereby releasing thepail-handle, which is pushed from its position and falls through theframe into a proper receptable. The second block is roughed off by thegouge-cutter while traveling from left to right.

All the operations being automatically, regularly, and consecutivelyperformed and the hopper and lathe being supplied with blocks, thenumber of pail-handles produced is represented by the number of forwardmovements of the plunger.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with the hopper 155, having vertical ways 156 157,and springs 178, 179, and 180, projecting rearwardly from the lower endof said hopper, of the plunger 158. located below the lower end of saidways and springs, the upper face-piece, 177, and mechanism forreciprocating it beneath said hopper and springs, substantially asdescribed.

2. The adjustable positive stop drill chuck 201, comprising thescrew-threaded end 203, having transverse slot 208 and central bore,209, the screwthreaded stop 204, provided with slots 205, and the key206, lling said slots, substantially as described.

3. The supports 53 and 58, having horizontal grooves 189 190, incombination with the gage-cutter carriage 188,sliding in said groovesand provided with the recess 212, the adj ustable positive stop 192 191,abutting against support 53 andlimiting the inward movement of saidcarriage, and the lever 199, having spring 200, seated in said recess212, said spring imparting a yielding inward motion to said carriagewhen said lever is operated, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this'specification, in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses, on this 4th day of November, A.D. 1886.

C. ELMER BICKFORD.

Witnesses:

J Aeon NAscHoLD, PAUL DIETRICH.'

ICO

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